The Role of Parental Pressure and Warmth in the Relationship Between Parental Involvement, Parental Expectations, and Child Academic Success

The purpose of this study was to investigate both parent and child perceptions parental involvement, expectations, pressure, warmth, the relationship these variables with GPA. It hypothesized that each independent would be positively correlated GPA, excluding which negatively also combination high expectations low involvement have a positive pressure negative warmth. Parents (n = 158) children in 6th–8th grade 70 completed an online survey measuring factors. Results from demonstrated correlation between GPA (p .047). showed .003), can predict scores for child’s sense These findings provide better understanding various factors related academic success, they lead effective interventions parents educational system increase achievement youth.